This Technical Specification contains recommendations for the calculation of the modified reference rating life
taking into consideration lubrication, contamination and fatigue load limit of the bearing material, as well as
tilting or misalignment, operating clearance of the bearing and internal load distribution on rolling elements.
The calculation method provided in this Technical Specification covers influencing parameters additional to
those described in ISO 281.
The directions and limitations given in ISO 281 apply to this Technical Specification. The calculation methods
pertain to the fatigue life of the bearings. Other mechanisms of failure, like wear or microspalling (gray
staining), lie outside the scope of this Technical Specification.
This Technical Specification applies to tilted single-row radial ball bearings, subjected to radial and axial load
and with radial clearance and tilt taken into account. It also applies to tilted single-row roller bearings,
subjected to pure radial load and with radial clearance, edge stress and tilt taken into account. References to
methods for the analysis of the internal load distribution under general load are given.
The analysis of internal load distribution and modified reference rating life for multi-row bearings or bearings of
a more complex geometry can be derived from the equations given in this Technical Specification. For these
bearings, the load distribution for each individual row has to be considered.
This Technical Specification is primarily intended to be used for computer programs and together with
ISO 281 covers the information needed for life calculations. For accurate life calculations under the operating
conditions specified above, it is recommended that either this Technical Specification or advanced computer
calculations provided by bearing manufacturers, for determining the dynamic equivalent reference load under
different loading conditions, be used.